TYPES OF MALNUTRITION


Malnutrition can be categorized into different types based on the specific nutritional deficiencies or imbalances. The four main types of malnutrition are:

1. PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM):-

  • Protein-energy malnutrition is a condition where there is a deficiency in both protein and calories. It often affects children in developing countries and can manifest in two main forms:
  • KWASHIORKOR: Characterized by edema (fluid retention), a distended abdomen, and skin lesions.
  • MARASMUS: Marked by severe wasting and emaciation due to a lack of overall calorie intake.

2. MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES:-

  • This type of malnutrition results from insufficient intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Common micronutrient deficiencies include:
  • VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY: Can lead to night blindness and compromised immune function.
  • IRON DEFICIENCY: Causes anemia, leading to fatigue and weakness.
  • IODINE DEFICIENCY: Results in thyroid-related disorders, especially goitre.
  • VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY: Affects bone health and can rickets in children and ostomalacia in adults.
  • VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY: Can cause anemia and neurological issues.

3. OVERNUTRITION:-

Overnutrition occurs when there is an excessive intake of calories, often accompanied by poor dietary quality. This can lead to obesity and related health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

4. DIETARY IMBALANCES:-

  • Malnutrition can also occur due to an imbalanced diet that lacks variety and does not provide all the necessary nutrients. For example:
  • EXCESSIVE SUGAR AND FAT INTAKE: Can lead to meatbolic disorders and obesity.
  • INSUFFICIENT FRUITS AND VEGETABLES : May result in deficiencies of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
  • INADEQUATE PROTEIN INTAKE: Can lead to muscle wasting and other protein-related health issues.







































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